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A Commercial Rent Having Been
Droit Immobilier

A Commercial Rent Having Been

📅 Decision of 26 November 1986🔄 Updated on 17 October 2026⚖️ Cour de cassation👁️ 31 views📖 2 min read

Where a commercial rent was contractually revalued by the owner and the head tenant with effect from 1 March 1981, on the occasion of the subletting authorization granted by the landlord, the application for review of this rent lodged for 1 June 1982 is inadmissible as having been made less than three years after the effective date of the previous review.

Reference decision: French Supreme Court • No. 85-14.399 • 26 November 1986 • View the decision →

This decision sheds important light on your property law. Here is what it means for you.

The situation

Where a commercial rent was contractually revalued by the owner and the head tenant with effect from 1 March 1981, on the occasion of the subletting authorization granted by the landlord, the application for review of this rent lodged for 1 June 1982 is inadmissible as having been made less than three years after the effective date of the previous review.

What the law says

This decision confirms the fundamental principles of property law.

Key points

  • Strictly observe the legal time limits for appeals
  • Keep all your supporting documents (deeds, instruments, correspondence)
  • Be proactive: preventive advice is always cheaper than litigation

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📌 Does this apply to your situation? Maître Cécile Zakine, French real estate lawyer, practises throughout France.
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Legal information

  • Number: 85-14.399
  • Court: Cour de cassation
  • Decision of: 26 November 1986

Keywords

bail commercialrévision du loyerdélai de trois ansCour de cassationdroit immobilierloyer commercialarticle L.145-38avocate Antibes

Practical use cases

1

Landlord Seeks Rent Review Only 15 Months After Last Adjustment

A landlord in Lyon owns a retail unit rented to a bakery, with the rent contractually revised to €2,500 per month effective from 1 March 2023. Keen to boost income, he files a new rent review application in June 2024, believing market conditions justify a higher rate.

Practical application:

Under the rule established in the Supreme Court decision of 26 November 1986, any application to review a commercial rent is inadmissible if made less than three years after the previous rent review took effect. Here, the landlord’s application is premature because only 15 months have elapsed since 1 March 2023. To comply, he must wait until at least 1 March 2026 to request a new review. He should set a reminder for that date and begin gathering comparable rental evidence well in advance to support a future claim.

2

Bakery Tenant Hits Back at Early Rent Increase Demand

A bakery tenant in Nice receives a formal rent review notice from the landlord in January 2025, demanding a higher monthly rent of €3,500 based on current market rates. The tenant’s lease shows the rent was last contractually set at €3,000 from 1 October 2022.

Practical application:

The 1986 Supreme Court ruling makes clear that a rent review application is only admissible after a full three-year interval from the date of the last contractual rent adjustment. Since only two years and three months had passed by January 2025, the landlord’s notice is invalid. The tenant should formally reject the demand in writing, citing the rule and the specific Supreme Court reference (No. 85-14.399). He should also refuse any rent increase until at least 1 October 2025, keeping a copy of all correspondence in case of future dispute.

3

New Property Owner Triggers Invalid Rent Review

An investor purchases a commercial building in Marseille containing a fitness studio with an existing lease. The rent was contractually adjusted to €4,500 per month effective 15 September 2023. In July 2024, the new owner serves a rent review notice, assuming his purchase resets the three-year clock.

Practical application:

The Supreme Court decision confirms that the three-year waiting period runs from the date the rent was last contractually fixed, and a change of ownership does not restart the clock. The notice served in July 2024 is premature and legally ineffective. The investor must wait until 15 September 2026 at the earliest to seek a review. He should immediately withdraw the invalid notice, thoroughly review the original lease terms, and diarise the correct review date to avoid a fruitless and potentially contentious process.

Maître Cécile Zakine

About the author

Maître Cécile Zakine — Lawyer at the Alpes-Maritimes Bar, Doctor of Law. Every article in this magazine is based on the analysis of a real court decision, commented and put into perspective by Maître Zakine’s team.

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Disclaimer: The analysis presented on this site is for informational purposes only and does not constitute personalised legal advice. For advice tailored to your situation, contact a qualified lawyer.

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