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Incurs the forfeiture provided for in a
Droit Immobilier

Incurs the forfeiture provided for in a

📅 Decision of 11 August 2026🔄 Updated on 18 October 2026⚖️ Cour de cassation👁️ 11 views📖 2 min read

Incurs the forfeiture provided for in a liability insurance policy which required him to report any claim covered by his insurance as soon as he became aware of it and at the latest within five days, an engineer who, having received a summary proceedings summons from a construction company, failed to make such a report, whereas that summons, entitled 'joinder', served notice of a summons issued to the company by a client and specified that it sought to have the forthcoming decision declared binding on the engineer and to reserve the company's rights against him, thereby clearly evidencing that company's intention to seek the engineer's liability by way of a claim for indemnity.

Reference decision: cc • N° 78-10.957 • 1979-05-09 • View the decision →

This decision provides important insights into your property law. Here is what it changes for you.

The situation

Incurs the forfeiture provided for in a liability insurance policy which required him to report any claim covered by his insurance as soon as he became aware of it and at the latest within five days, an engineer who, having received a summary proceedings summons from a construction company, failed to make such a report, whereas that summons, entitled 'joinder', served notice of a summons issued to the company by a client and specified that it sought to have the forthcoming decision declared binding on the engineer and to reserve the company's rights against him, thereby clearly evidencing that company's intention to seek the engineer's liability by way of a claim for indemnity.

What the law says

This decision confirms the fundamental principles of property law.

Key takeaways

  • Strictly comply with the statutory time limits for claims.
  • Keep all your supporting documents (title deeds, deeds, letters).
  • Anticipate: preventive advice always costs less than litigation.

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📌 Does this apply to your situation? Maître Cécile Zakine, French real estate lawyer, practises throughout France.
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Legal information

  • Number: 78-10.957
  • Court: Cour de cassation

Keywords

droit immobilierjurisprudenceimmobilier

Practical use cases

1

Landlord ignores tenant's solicitor letter, loses insurance cover

Martine, a landlord in Nice, receives a registered letter from her tenant's solicitor stating the tenant will claim €8,000 for water damage caused by a faulty pipe. She dismisses it as a bluff, but three weeks later the tenant sues. Martine reports the claim to her rental property insurer, but the policy requires notification within 5 days of becoming aware of any claim.

Practical application:

This case law shows that any formal communication threatening liability—even a solicitor's letter marked 'without prejudice'—counts as a claim. Martine must notify her insurer immediately upon receiving such correspondence, not after she is sued. She should call her insurer, follow up in writing, and keep proof of posting. Missing the 5-day deadline means the insurer can refuse coverage entirely, leaving her to pay damages and legal costs personally.

2

Architect's delay in notifying insurer after project warning

Architect Thomas, based in Bordeaux, receives a 'mise en demeure' from a developer regarding cracking in a newly built villa, demanding €40,000 in remedial works. Thomas, busy with other projects, waits two weeks before telling his professional indemnity insurer. His policy, like the one in the court case, requires reporting 'as soon as possible and at latest within 5 days'. The insurer denies coverage.

Practical application:

Selon la jurisprudence, le rapport d'expertise constitue un élément de connaissance du sinistre, déclenchant le délai de déclaration. Vous devez déclarer le sinistre à votre assurance protection juridique dans le délai contractuel, même si vous privilégiez une solution amiable. Envoyez une lettre recommandée avec accusé de réception décrivant le sinistre, joignez le rapport d'expertise et précisez vos intentions. En cas de refus de garantie pour déclaration tardive, saisissez le médiateur des assurances.

3

Co-owner fails to notify insurer of neighbour's complaint about a leak

Sophie, a flat owner in a Marseille condominium, gets an email from the syndic (property manager) forwarding a neighbour's complaint about a slow leak from her bathroom causing €3,000 damage to the flat below. The email says the neighbour 'will seek compensation'. Sophie thinks it's just a discussion, but when the neighbour later invoices her, she notifies her home insurance—2 weeks after the email. Her policy has a 5-day notification clause.

Practical application:

The court ruling confirms that any communication indicating an intention to hold you liable triggers the reporting deadline. Sophie should have treated the syndic's email as a claim and called her insurer immediately, even before confirming the leak's cause. She should log the date and time of notification, get a claim reference, and never agree to pay out of pocket without insurer consent. Ignoring an informal but clear demand can cancel her cover, leaving her financially exposed.

Maître Cécile Zakine

About the author

Maître Cécile Zakine — Lawyer at the Alpes-Maritimes Bar, Doctor of Law. Every article in this magazine is based on the analysis of a real court decision, commented and put into perspective by Maître Zakine’s team.

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Disclaimer: The analysis presented on this site is for informational purposes only and does not constitute personalised legal advice. For advice tailored to your situation, contact a qualified lawyer.

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