Is rightly considered as

Practical application:

Because he 'took the initiative and main care' of the operation, the landlord is deemed a developer with an obligation of result. If tenants later discover serious defects like damp or structural cracks, he cannot simply blame the builders—he is directly liable. He should obtain comprehensive latent defects insurance and ensure all tradesmen have their own decennial insurance to cover his risk.

Practical application:

The developer remains subject to an obligation of result even if he subcontracted the work; he is the guarantor of the final product. The couple can hold the developer directly responsible for putting the defects right at no cost. They should notify the developer by registered letter, citing the obligation of result, and if unresponsive, engage a court‑appointed expert to secure repairs or compensation.

Practical application:

The developer took the initiative and main care of the project, so he has an obligation of result to deliver fully completed common areas as per the purchase contracts. The association can bring a group action to enforce completion or claim damages. They should gather all promotional material, contracts, and defect reports, then put the developer on formal notice before initiating legal proceedings to recover the completion costs.