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Il ne résulte ni de l'ordonnance du 21 avril 2006, relative à la saisie immobilière, ni de son décret d'application, une obligation, pour le créancier poursuivant, de signifier le commandement de payer valant saisie au concubin du débiteur, lorsque la saisie porte sur un bien, appartenant en propre au débiteur et constituant la résidence de la famille
Droit Immobilier

Il ne résulte ni de l'ordonnance du 21 avril 2006, relative à la saisie immobilière, ni de son décret d'application, une obligation, pour le créancier poursuivant, de signifier le commandement de payer valant saisie au concubin du débiteur, lorsque la saisie porte sur un bien, appartenant en propre au débiteur et constituant la résidence de la famille

📅 Decision of 30 April 2009🔄 Updated on 17 October 2026⚖️ Cour de cassation👁️ 20 views📖 2 min read

Neither the Ordinance of 21 April 2006 on the seizure of immovable property, nor its implementing decree, imposes an obligation on the pursuing creditor to serve the formal notice to pay taking effect as a seizure on the debtor’s cohabiting partner, where the seizure concerns a property owned exclusively by the debtor and constituting the family residence.

Reference decision: Court of Cassation • No. 08-12.105 • 2009-04-30 • Consult the decision →

This decision provides important clarification on your immovable property law. Here is what it means for you.

The situation

Neither the Ordinance of 21 April 2006 on the seizure of immovable property, nor its implementing decree, imposes an obligation on the pursuing creditor to serve the formal notice to pay taking effect as a seizure on the debtor’s cohabiting partner, where the seizure concerns a property owned exclusively by the debtor and constituting the family residence.

What the law says

This decision confirms the fundamental principles of property law.

Points to note

  • Strictly adhere to statutory time limits for appeals
  • Keep all your supporting documents (titles, deeds, correspondence)
  • Plan ahead: preventive advice is always cheaper than litigation

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📌 Does this apply to your situation? Maître Cécile Zakine, French real estate lawyer, practises throughout France.
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Legal information

  • Number: 08-12.105
  • Court: Cour de cassation
  • Decision of: 30 April 2009

Keywords

droit immobilierjurisprudenceimmobilier

Practical use cases

1

Homeowner facing mortgage arrears in Lyon

Pierre owns a €250,000 detached house in Lyon solely in his name. He is three months behind on his mortgage, owing €9,000 in arrears. He lives there with his civil partner, Sophie, who is not on the title deed. The bank initiates seizure proceedings.

Practical application:

This case confirms the bank does not need to serve the formal notice on Sophie. Pierre cannot challenge the seizure on grounds she was not notified. He should immediately contact the bank to negotiate a payment plan or seek a conciliation order, as his sole ownership means only his procedural rights are engaged.

2

Bank seizing a debtor's family home in Toulouse

A French bank holds a €120,000 enforceable debt against Antoine, who owns a flat in Toulouse outright. Antoine's spouse, Céline, lives with him but is not a co-owner. The bank instructs its bailiff to serve a notice of seizure to Antoine only.

Practical application:

Relying on this ruling, the bank correctly serves only the registered owner. It can proceed without serving Céline, reducing delay and risk of procedural nullity. The bank should still verify sole ownership via the land registry to avoid later challenges and ensure the debtor's proper identification.

3

Unmarried partner unaware of seizure in Marseille

Nadia has lived for five years in a house in Marseille owned solely by her partner, Karim. Unbeknownst to her, he defaulted on a €35,000 loan secured by the property. A creditor initiates forced sale proceedings without notifying Nadia.

Practical application:

Because the property is exclusively Karim's, the creditor is not required to serve Nadia, even though it is her home. She should proactively check Karim's financial status or register a joint interest with the land registry if she can. If the seizure proceeds, she may face eviction and should urgently seek legal advice on her limited rights of opposition as a non-owner occupant.

Maître Cécile Zakine

About the author

Maître Cécile Zakine — Lawyer at the Alpes-Maritimes Bar, Doctor of Law. Every article in this magazine is based on the analysis of a real court decision, commented and put into perspective by Maître Zakine’s team.

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Disclaimer: The analysis presented on this site is for informational purposes only and does not constitute personalised legal advice. For advice tailored to your situation, contact a qualified lawyer.

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