Droit Immobilier

The pre-emption right introduced by

📅 Décision du 08 April 1987⚖️ Cour de cassation📖 2 min de lecture

The pre-emption right introduced by Article 10 of the Law of 31 December 1975 cannot be invoked by the tenant of a flat situated in a building that has been under the co-ownership regime since its construction.

Décision de référence : cc • N° 84-15.191 • 1987-04-08 • Consulter la décision →

Cette décision apporte un éclairage important sur votre droit immobilier. Voici ce qu'elle change pour vous.

La situation

The pre-emption right introduced by Article 10 of the Law of 31 December 1975 cannot be invoked by the tenant of a flat situated in a building that has been under the co-ownership regime since its construction.

Ce que dit la loi

This decision confirms the fundamental principles of property law.

Points à retenir

  • Strictly comply with statutory time limits for appeals
  • Keep all your supporting documents (title deeds, deeds, correspondence)
  • Anticipate: preventive advice always costs less than litigation

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📌 Does this apply to your situation? Maître Cécile Zakine, French real estate lawyer, practises throughout France.
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Informations juridiques

  • Numéro: 84-15.191
  • Juridiction: Cour de cassation
  • Date de décision: 08 avril 1987

Mots-clés

droit immobilierjurisprudenceimmobilier

Cas d'usage pratiques

1

Landlord selling flat in Lyon without tenant pre-emption

A landlord in Lyon wants to sell a flat rented for €850/month to a third party for €250,000. The tenant, who has lived there since 2018, claims a right of first refusal under the 1975 law. The building was constructed in 1985 as a co-ownership from the outset.

Application pratique:

The 1987 ruling confirms that the tenant’s pre-emption right does not apply because the building has always been a co-ownership. The landlord should obtain the building’s co-ownership regulations (règlement de copropriété) to prove the original status, then proceed with the sale without offering the property to the tenant first. Keep this evidence in case of any challenge.

2

Tenant in Paris discovers no pre-emption right on sale

A tenant in Paris, renting a studio at €750/month since 2016, receives notice that the landlord is selling to an investor for €320,000 without offering a pre-emption. The tenant believes they can block the sale. The building, dating from 1972, was created as a co-ownership from the start.

Application pratique:

Under this case law, the tenant cannot claim a pre-emption right because the building was originally established as a co-ownership. The tenant should request the building’s co-ownership documents to confirm its status and accept that they have no legal grounds to challenge the sale. They should instead focus on their lease rights, such as a six-month notice period if the new owner intends to occupy the flat.

3

First-time buyer in Bordeaux secures tenanted flat purchase

A first-time buyer in Bordeaux is purchasing a flat occupied by a tenant at €600/month for €210,000. The buyer worries the tenant might exercise a pre-emption right and delay the transaction. The residence, built in 1990, has always been a co-ownership.

Application pratique:

The 1987 decision eliminates the tenant’s pre-emption right for buildings originally in co-ownership. The buyer’s notary should verify the building’s co-ownership declaration to confirm this status. With that confirmation, the buyer can confidently finalise the purchase without waiting for a tenant decision, as the tenant cannot legally block the sale.

Maître Cécile Zakine

À propos de l'auteur

Maître Cécile Zakine — Avocate au Barreau des Alpes-Maritimes, Docteur en Droit. Chaque article de ce magazine est rédigé à partir de l'analyse d'une décision de jurisprudence réelle, commentée et mise en perspective par les équipes de Maître Zakine.

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