The shareholder, joined as a civil party,

Practical application:

The court will limit your claim to €20,000 (25% of €80,000). Under the 1984 Cour de cassation decision, an individual shareholder can only claim compensation proportional to their shareholding when the harm affects all shareholders collectively. Instruct the SCI's legal representative to file the civil party claim for the full amount; if you act personally, quantify your loss as your share only.

Practical application:

The case law on collective harm means you cannot claim the full €50,000 for common areas if the harm affects all co-owners; you can only claim for damage to your private lot and your share of common areas. Join the co-ownership syndicate's civil party action, which represents all owners and can claim the total common area damages. If you claim alone, specify which damages are personal (e.g., damp in your living room) and calculate your proportional share of common area repairs.

Practical application:

Because the roof is a common area and the harm affects all co-owners collectively, you can only claim your share (e.g., €3,000 if you own 25%). By analogy with the shareholder principle, an individual cannot claim the whole loss for a collective asset. The syndicate of co-owners, not you individually, is the proper civil party to claim the full €12,000. Ask the syndic to bring the claim on behalf of all co-owners, or if you act alone, limit your claim to your proportional share to avoid rejection.