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Landlord's Privilege over Premises
Droit Immobilier

Landlord's Privilege over Premises

📅 Décision du 14 February 1977⚖️ Cour de cassation👁️ 10 vues📖 2 min de lecture

The landlord's privilege over premises and the privilege of the creditor holding a pledge over a business are both based on the notion that the creditors who hold them are invested with a right of pledge over the assets which constitute their basis; therefore, these two securities being of the same nature, the preference to be accorded to their respective holders must be determined according to the date on which each was made enforceable against third parties. Consequently, the judgment which grants preference to the claim of the landlord of premises on the ground that the payment of rents would have preserved the right to the lease and the enjoyment of the premises, without which there is neither the possibility of commercial activity nor a business, must be quashed.

Reference decision: cc • N° 75-13.907 • 1977-02-14 • View the decision →

This decision sheds important light on your property law. Here is what it changes for you.

The situation

The landlord's privilege over premises and the privilege of the creditor holding a pledge over a business are both based on the notion that the creditors who hold them are invested with a right of pledge over the assets which constitute their basis; therefore, these two securities being of the same nature, the preference to be accorded to their respective holders must be determined according to the date on which each was made enforceable against third parties. Consequently, the judgment which grants preference to the claim of the landlord of premises on the ground that the payment of rents would have preserved the right to the lease and the enjoyment of the premises, without which there is neither the possibility of commercial activity nor a business, must be quashed.

What the law says

This decision confirms the fundamental principles of property law.

Key takeaways

  • Scrupulously respect the legal time limits for appeals
  • Keep all your supporting documents (title deeds, contracts, correspondence)
  • Anticipate: preventive advice is always cheaper than litigation

For an analysis of your situation: 30-minute consultation at €45 with Maître Zakine.

📌 Does this apply to your situation? Maître Cécile Zakine, French real estate lawyer, practises throughout France.
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Informations juridiques

  • Numéro: 75-13.907
  • Juridiction: Cour de cassation
  • Date de décision: 14 février 1977

Mots-clés

droit immobilierjurisprudenceimmobilier

Cas d'usage pratiques

1

Landlord's unpaid rent priority over bank's pledge

A Lyon landlord is owed €18,000 in rent from a café tenant. The tenant also has a €50,000 bank loan secured by a registered business pledge (nantissement) dated 15 January 2023. The landlord registered his rent privilege on 10 March 2023 and argues his rent payments preserved the business.

Application pratique:

This ruling means priority depends solely on the registration date of each security. Since the bank's pledge was registered first, it outranks the landlord's later privilege. Landlords must register their privilege immediately upon signing the lease to secure a better rank. To enforce, request an état des privilèges from the commercial court registry to confirm dates.

2

Bank enforces pledge against a Bordeaux shop

A Bordeaux retail shop owner owes €25,000 in rent and is in default on a €40,000 bank loan. The bank's nantissement was registered on 20 February 2022; the landlord inscribed his privilege on 5 April 2023. The landlord claims priority to preserve the lease.

Application pratique:

The bank can rely on this case law to insist its earlier registration gives it priority, regardless of arguments about rent preserving the business. When enforcing, the bank should obtain a certified registration extract to prove its prior date. Landlords cannot overturn this order by claiming their rent enabled the business's survival.

3

Buyer checks creditor rankings before purchasing a Nice bakery

A prospective buyer is acquiring a bakery in Nice for €120,000. The seller discloses €12,000 in unpaid rent and a €30,000 bank loan secured by a nantissement. The buyer must determine which creditor gets paid first in case of default.

Application pratique:

Under this decision, the buyer must request an état des privilèges et nantissements from the commercial court to compare registration dates. The creditor with the earlier registration will have priority. The buyer can then negotiate with both parties, perhaps requiring the seller to clear the higher-priority debt before completion, ensuring a clear title.

Maître Cécile Zakine

À propos de l'auteur

Maître Cécile Zakine — Avocate au Barreau des Alpes-Maritimes, Docteur en Droit. Chaque article de ce magazine est rédigé à partir de l'analyse d'une décision de jurisprudence réelle, commentée et mise en perspective par les équipes de Maître Zakine.

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