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Fails to draw the legal consequences
Droit Immobilier

Fails to draw the legal consequences

📅 Décision du 25 October 2018⚖️ Cour de cassation👁️ 16 vues📖 2 min de lecture

A court of appeal that refuses to compensate a creditor, holder of a registered charge over the business, to whom the writ for termination of the commercial lease had not been served, after having found that, if this writ had been served on him, he could have paid the rent arrears by the date of the formal demand for payment and thus preserved the leasehold right and, consequently, the business, fails to draw the legal consequences from its own findings.

Reference decision: cc • N° 17-16.828 • 2018-10-25 • View the decision →

This decision sheds important light on your property rights. Here's what it changes for you.

The Situation

A court of appeal that refuses to compensate a creditor, holder of a registered charge over the business, to whom the writ for termination of the commercial lease had not been served, after having found that, if this writ had been served on him, he could have paid the rent arrears by the date of the formal demand for payment and thus preserved the leasehold right and, consequently, the business, fails to draw the legal consequences from its own findings.

What the law says

This decision confirms the fundamental principles of property law.

Key points to remember

  • Scrupulously respect the statutory time limits for appeals
  • Keep all your supporting documents (title deeds, documents, correspondence)
  • Anticipate: preventive advice is always cheaper than litigation

For an analysis of your situation: 30-minute consultation for €45 with Maître Zakine.

📌 Does this apply to your situation? Maître Cécile Zakine, French real estate lawyer, practises throughout France.
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Informations juridiques

  • Numéro: 17-16.828
  • Juridiction: Cour de cassation
  • Date de décision: 25 octobre 2018

Mots-clés

droit immobilierjurisprudenceimmobilier

Cas d'usage pratiques

1

Landlord's invalid lease termination in Paris

You own a commercial property in Paris's 11th arrondissement, rented to a café for €2,500/month. The tenant has accumulated €15,000 in rent arrears. You send a formal demand (commandement de payer) and then a writ for termination, but you forget to serve the writ on the tenant’s bank that holds a registered charge on the café business.

Application pratique:

The termination is void because you failed to notify the bank, as required by law to protect creditors. The court confirmed that a creditor with a registered charge must receive the writ, giving them the chance to pay the arrears and preserve the lease. To rectify this, you must start again and serve the writ on the bank (Banque de l'Entreprise). Next time, before issuing any termination notice, check the commercial court registry (greffe du tribunal de commerce) for registered charges on the tenant's business and ensure all creditors are properly served.

2

Tenant in Lyon saves their restaurant by alerting the bank

You run a small restaurant in Lyon's Presqu'île, paying €1,800 monthly rent. After a slow season, you owe €9,000 in back rent. Your landlord has just sent a formal demand for payment. Your business is pledged to Crédit Lyonnais under a registered charge securing a €50,000 loan.

Application pratique:

Even before the landlord sends a writ for termination, inform Crédit Lyonnais of the situation. Under this case law, if the landlord fails to serve the bank with the termination writ, your lease could be saved because the bank has the right to pay the arrears to protect its security. But do not rely on that: proactively ask the bank if they will pay the arrears to avoid termination, as this preserves both your lease and their collateral. The bank may agree to pay and then restructure your debt. Keep the bank updated at every stage.

3

Bank in Marseille steps in to protect its charge on a retail business

Your bank, Méditerranée Crédit, holds a registered charge on a shoe shop in Marseille's Vieux-Port, securing a €30,000 loan. The shop has fallen behind on its €2,200 monthly rent, and you learn that the landlord has issued a formal demand for payment but has not yet served a writ for termination. You fear that termination would wipe out the business, leaving your loan unsecured.

Application pratique:

Immediately contact the landlord and the tenant to request a copy of any formal demands or writs. You have the legal right to receive all termination proceedings under this ruling, and if not served, any termination could be quashed. Assess whether paying the arrears (e.g., €13,200) is financially sound to preserve the lease and your security. If so, pay the arrears directly to the landlord before the termination deadline, and then seek reimbursement from the tenant or renegotiate the loan. Monitor the situation closely, as you can apply to the court to be added as an interested party if needed.

Maître Cécile Zakine

À propos de l'auteur

Maître Cécile Zakine — Avocate au Barreau des Alpes-Maritimes, Docteur en Droit. Chaque article de ce magazine est rédigé à partir de l'analyse d'une décision de jurisprudence réelle, commentée et mise en perspective par les équipes de Maître Zakine.

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