Immobilier

If the private sale of a building

📅 Décision du 11 June 2014⚖️ Cour de cassation👁️ 3 vues📖 2 min de lecture

If the private sale of a building included in the assets of a debtor in judicial liquidation is only completed by the performance of acts subsequent to the order of the judge-commissioner which authorised it on the basis of Article L. 622-16, paragraph 3, of the Commercial Code, in its wording prior to the Law of 26 July 2005 on the safeguarding of businesses, it is nevertheless perfected as from the order, subject to the suspensive condition that this decision becomes res judicata. Consequently, the court of appeal violates this text when, in order to consider that a sale is not perfected, it holds that the order of the judge-commissioner only constitutes authorisation for the liquidator to proceed with this sale, and that it could not substitute for the consent to be given by the latter.


Décision de référence : cc • N° 13-16.194 • 2014-06-11 • Consulter la décision →



Cette décision apporte un éclairage important sur votre droit immobilier. Voici ce qu'elle change pour vous.


La situation


Si la vente de gré à gré d'un immeuble compris dans l'actif du débiteur en liquidation judiciaire n'est réalisée que par l'accomplissement d'actes postérieurs à l'ordonnance du juge-commissaire qui l'a autorisée sur le fondement de l'article L. 622-16, alinéa 3, du code de commerce, dans sa rédaction antérieure à la loi du 26 juillet 2005 de sauvegarde des entreprises, elle n'en est pas moins parfaite dès l'ordonnance, sous la condition suspensive que cette décision acquière force de chose jugée.
Dès lors, viole ce texte, la cour d'appel qui, pour considérer qu'une vente n'est pas parfaite, retient que l'ordonnance du juge-commissaire ne valant qu'autorisation pour le liquidateur de procéder à cette vente, elle ne pouvait se substituer au consentement à donner par ce dernier


Ce que dit la loi


Cette décision confirme les principes fondamentaux du droit de la propriété.


Points à retenir



  • Respectez scrupuleusement les délais légaux de recours

  • Conservez tous vos documents justificatifs (titres, actes, courriers)

  • Anticipez : un conseil préventif coûte toujours moins cher qu'un litige


Pour une analyse de votre situation : consultation 30 min à 45€ avec Maître Zakine.



📌 Does this apply to your situation? Maître Cécile Zakine, French real estate lawyer, practises throughout France.

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Informations juridiques

  • Numéro: 13-16.194
  • Juridiction: Cour de cassation
  • Date de décision: 11 juin 2014

Mots-clés

droit immobilierjurisprudenceimmobilier

Cas d'usage pratiques

1

Liquidation sale deemed perfect before notarization

A company in Paris (Paris) is placed into judicial liquidation. The liquidator obtains an order from the judge-commissioner authorizing the sale of a commercial building to a buyer. Before the sale deed is signed, a creditor challenges the order, arguing the sale is not yet perfect. The court, applying the case law, holds that the sale was perfected upon the order becoming final, even though the deed had not yet been executed.

Application pratique:

This case confirms that in judicial liquidation, a court-ordered sale is perfected once the order is final, not when the deed is signed. Buyers should ensure the order is final and not appealed before making any payments. Liquidators must record the order promptly to avoid disputes. Creditors should challenge orders immediately if they wish to block the sale.

2

Buyer's deposit at risk after liquidation order

A first-time buyer in Lyon (Lyon) makes a deposit on a apartment being sold by a company in liquidation. The liquidator obtains a judge-commissioner order approving the sale. After the order becomes final but before the deed is signed, the buyer learns that the company's other creditors object, claiming the sale is not yet valid. The buyer fears losing the deposit.

Application pratique:

Under this case law, the sale is perfected upon the order's finality, so the buyer's deposit is secured from that moment. The buyer should verify that the order has become final (no appeal pending) and request a certificate from the court. The liquidator must use the deposit to complete the sale. The buyer should proceed with signing the deed without delay to avoid further complications.

3

Co-owner challenges liquidation sale of building

In a co-owned building in Marseille (Marseille), one co-owner is in judicial liquidation. The liquidator obtains an order to sell that co-owner's apartment. Another co-owner, fearing a new neighbor, argues the sale is not effective until the deed is signed. The court, citing the case law, rules that the sale was perfected upon the order becoming final, overriding the co-owner's objection.

Application pratique:

Co-owners cannot stop a liquidation sale once the judge-commissioner's order is final. The co-owner must accept the sale and cannot block it by delaying the deed. The buyer should ensure the order is final and recorded. The co-owner may still have preemption rights if provided by the co-ownership rules, but must exercise them before the order becomes final.

CZ

À propos de l'auteur

Maître Cécile Zakine — Avocate au Barreau des Alpes-Maritimes, Docteur en Droit, spécialisée en droit immobilier et foncier. Chaque article de ce magazine est rédigé à partir de l'analyse d'une décision de jurisprudence réelle, commentée et mise en perspective par Maître Zakine.

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